442 Template Certificate Templates

Corporate & Modern Certificate TemplateFeatures of Certificate Template:- Both landscape and Portrait Orientation- US paper size With Bleeds- 2 designs Layout- 3 color variations- Well organised layers and layer groups- Professional and clean structured files.- Quick and easy to customize templates- Change Image via Smart Object- Print-ready (3 mm bleed included)- 300 DPI(Dot per inch) resolution- CMYK color mode- File formats in PSD, AI, EPS, DOCX, Pdf- Well documented instructionsWorking Process:- After purchase, listings will be available for download. Just download it and open the file.- Find user guideline or tutorial file. Read through the full guideline.- Before opening template you must install the required fonts mentioned in the help file.- Then open your file and follow the tutorial file to customize.Support: If you need any help using the file or need special customization please feel free to massage.

This is a modern & smart look certificate template with 5 different color variation. Which you can make a part of your business. And Can use for any professional purpose like Achievement, Diploma, Appreciation, Completion, Acknowledgement, Recognition ETC.FEATURES:========================================

• Print Ready File.
• Ai & Vector EPS file.
• Resizable to any paper size.
• CMYK Color Mode.
• 5 Color Variation..

FILS INCLUDED:=======================================

• Total 11 Files are included
• 5 Ai Files
• 5 EPS Files
• 1 Help Guide (Fonts link included in Help file)

FREE FONT USED (Font link included in help guide).

The Certificate is very Clean, Creative, Modern & High Class Multipurpose Certificate Template. Save your money & cost your time. It's very passionate speculate Template. 100% Vector & Shape Layer. Professional & marvellous Border Used.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++Files & Features

• A4 & US Letter Size
• 20 Ai Templates Design
• 20 INDD Template Design
• Intotal 40 Design Template Included
• Portrait & Landscape Template Design
• Five Spot Color Used
• 100% Print Ready Files
• CMYK, 300-dpi with vector elements
• Guides & Bleeds Included
• Compatible Adobe : CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, CC
• Help File Include
• Vector Resizable Elements
• Free font Used

Certificate, has an attractive, neat, and professional display design. This template can use for your business, company, organization, or institution in completion of any course, training, degree, or job. Also, you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving the certificate, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, etc.This template is flexible and can be edited in Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, and MS Word formats. You can change images, text, and color very quickly and easily.Features:

• (8.5×11 inches) + 0.25 inches Bleed Area
• Both Landscape and Portrait Orientation
• Easy Customizable and Editable
• CMYK Color
• 300 DPI Resolution
• Free Font
• Print Ready Format
• Quick and easy to customize templates
• Change Image via Smart Object

Note:All images are just used for preview purpose only and NOT included in the download files.

This listing allows you to make all edits yourself! ALL Text Areas are editable. (We do not make the edits for you. This listing is for a digital download. Files become available to save onto your computer after purchase on your accounts purchases page. If you prefer we make the edits for you, no problem, but there is an additional fee. Send us a message for more info.)The MOST important step before making edits is to install the fonts included in the listing onto your computer. Please make sure to install the fonts onto your computer BEFORE you open any of the files to make edits. Otherwise, your computer will not recognize the fonts and will replace them, distorting the entire layout. Instructions below.Listing includes an Instant Download MS Word Doc file and Photoshop file that can be edited completely by you. Sized at 11" x 8.5". (All fonts link included. Make sure to install fonts on your computer before making edits.Please make sure you have MS Word or Photoshop installed on your computer before purchase. If you have any

Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training, degree or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design ?Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software format. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labelled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy.A4 paper sizePhotoshop (PSD) & MS Word (DOCX) filelandscape design layoutOne click color customisationCMYK color print ready with bleeds guidelinesInclude used free font link

ARP - Certificate Template _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This Certificate is a Print Based Template. It is being created following modern design standards and typography. The Design is clean and professionally crafted. You can easily customize everything by Adobe Indesign Software. You will get a4 & US Letter size landscape and portrait format file. Download and enjoy :)Template Info:- Fully Editable Template- Design in A4 Size- Design in US Letter Size- Design in 300 DPI Resolution- 0.125' bleed- CMYK Format- Free Fonts UsedFiles Included:- 4 indd Files- 4 idml FilesSupport:I care about my client’s needs. So If you need any kind of help regarding the file or you have any special customization requirement then please feel free to contact us.NOTE!Photos in the preview image are used for display purposes and are NOT included.If you have a moment, please rate this item [5 Stars]. We’ll appreciate it very much!Thank you!!

Fully professional Minimalist Corporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company, or institution in completion of any course, training, degree, or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving the certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software formats. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labeled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easily. this certificate is fully vector & resizable so easy to convert Into any size.SPECIFICATIONS:• Fully professional Corporate & Modern Certificate Template• Available in:• Adobe illustrator CC• Adobe illustrator CS• Adobe illustrator EPS 10• Adobe Photoshop PSD• A4 paper size with Bleed• Portrait layout but you can change Into landscape layout very Easly• Super clean and professionally designed editable• Fully scalable• CMYK color• Layer & organized• Editable colors• Print ready• Font included in help file (100% Free)• This is a PRINT READY document Replace

Corporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training, degree or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software format. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labelled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy.Key Features

• US letter paper size
• Illustrator (EPS) and Photoshop (PSD)
• Portrait and landscape design layout
• One click color customisation via swatches
• CMYK color print ready with bleeds guidelines
• Include used free font and image link

Please Note : Mockup and Images are not include in the main file (mockup and images only use for preview) But, include used fonts and images link in the documentation folderWe are a professional global creative collective with over 15 years of experience working on high end branding and product development in print and digital media.Thank you for viewing

Fully professional Gold Black Corporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company, or institution in completion of any course, training, degree, or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software formats. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labeled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quickly and easily. this certificate fully vector & resizable so easy to convert Into any size.SPECIFICATIONS:• Fully professional Gold Black Corporate & Modern Certificate Template• Available in:• Adobe illustrator CC• Adobe illustrator CS• Adobe illustrator EPS 10• Adobe Photoshop PSD• A4 paper size with Bleed• Portrait layout but you can change Into landscape layout very Easly• Super clean and professionally designed editable• Fully scalable• CMYK color• Layer & organized• Editable colors• Print ready• Font included in help file (100% Free)• This is a PRINT READY document

Professional Certificate Template.Template Features:

• Fully Editable
• Landscape and Portrait Orientation
• 4 PSD Files Included
• A4 Size and US Letter Size With Bleeds
• 300 DPI
• CMYK
• Organized Layers

Fonts: You can find fonts links in 00_readme file in your download package.NOTE: All Images, Vectors and Mock-ups are just used for preview purpose only and NOT included in the download files. And the credits goes to the respective authors

Modern and Corporate Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job. Also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.FILE INFORMATIONSize: A4Pages: 1 Page CertificateResolution: 300 dpiColor mode: CMYKBleed:0.25inWorking file: Photoshop cs2Files included: Photoshop cc (psd)Font used: Download link included in help fileCONTACT MEIf you have any questions, please contact me, I will be happy to help you! Please recommend my artwork and leave a good review if you like it.For further request please contact us.

Multipurpose Certificate Template , Certificate of AppreciationCorporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job.This is not a mock-upFILE INFORMATION

• Size: Letter
• Pages: 1 page
• Resolution: 300 dpi
• Color mode: CMYK
• Bleed: 0.25 in
• Working file: Photoshop c2 & Microsoft Word
• Files included: Photoshop cc (psd) & Microsoft Word (docx)
• Font used: Download link included in help file

CONTACT MEIf you have any questions or would like a custom designed template, please contact me, I will be happy to help you! Please recommend my artwork and leave a good review if you like it. For further request please contact us.

Certificate, has an attractive, neat, and professional display design. This template can use for your business, company, organization, or institution in completion of any course, training, degree, or job. Also, you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving the certificate, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, etc.This template is flexible and can be edited in Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator, and MS Word formats. You can change images, text, and color very quickly and easily.Features:

• (8.5×11 inches) + 0.25 inches Bleed Area
• Both Landscape and Portrait Orientation
• Easy Customizable and Editable
• CMYK Color
• 300 DPI Resolution
• Free Font
• Print Ready Format
• Quick and easy to customize templates
• Change Image via Smart Object

Note:All images are just used for preview purpose only and NOT included in the download files.

Multipurpose Certificate Template , Certificate of AppreciationCorporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job.This is not a mock-upFILE INFORMATION

• Size: 11x8.5 In
• Color mode: CMYK
• Resulation: 300 dpi
• Bleed: 0.25 in
• Working file: Photoshop cs2 or Later version, photoshop elements & MS Word
• Files included: Photoshop cs6 (psd) & MS Word (DOCX)
• Font used: Download link included in help file

CONTACT MEIf you have any questions or would like a custom designed template, please contact me, I will be happy to help you! Please recommend my artwork and leave a good review if you like it. For further request please contact us.

Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training, degree or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design ?Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software format. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labelled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy.A4 paper sizePhotoshop (PSD) & MS Word (DOCX) filelandscape design layoutOne click color customisationCMYK color print ready with bleeds guidelinesInclude used free font link

Corporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training, degree or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software format. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labelled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy.Key Features

• US letter paper size
• Illustrator (EPS) and Photoshop (PSD)
• Portrait and landscape design layout
• One click color customisation via swatches
• CMYK color print ready with bleeds guidelines
• Include used free font and image link

Please Note : Mockup and Images are not include in the main file (mockup and images only use for preview) But, include used fonts and images link in the documentation folderWe are a professional global creative collective with over 15 years of experience working on high end branding and product development in print and digital media.Thank you for viewing

Fully professional Minimalist Corporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company, or institution in completion of any course, training, degree, or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving the certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software formats. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labeled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy. this certificate is fully vector & resizable so easy to convert Into any size.SPECIFICATIONS:• Fully professional Corporate & Modern Certificate Template• Available in:• Adobe illustrator CC• Adobe illustrator CS• Adobe illustrator EPS 10• Adobe Photoshop PSD• A4 paper size with Bleed• Portrait layout but you can change Into landscape layout very Easly• Super clean and professionally designed editable• Fully scalable• CMYK color• Layer & organized• Editable colors• Print ready• Font included in help file (100% Free)• This is a PRINT READY document Replace

Certificate of Appreciation Printable Template | COA003===============================================================Some Information:- Size: 11x8.5 In- Bleed: 0.25 in- Resolution: 300 dpi- Color mode: CMYK- Files included: Adobe Photoshop cc (PSD), Adobe Illustrator cc (AI) (EPS), MS Word (DOCX) (PDF), PowerPoint (PPTX).- Basic knowledge of Adobe Photoshop or Adobe Illustrator or MS Word and PowerPoint required to edit.- PDF Guideline in all software.- This Photo and Mockup are Not Included in the Main File, They are Only Used for Preview.- You will Get the Free Fonts Link in the Help File.===============================================================The Products are Fully Editable All File and Format. All Text, Text Color and All Shape.===============================================================Literally, always I’m trying to clear to all of my clients what I’m selling and what you will getting by purchasing the digital item. I wanna request to you! Yes, I’m requesting to you!Please read the full description before purchasing the product.You’re just purchasing a design “Digital File” Not like a product that will be physically shipped to your home.===============================================================You should not:Please Keep In Mind! By Purchasing the Any-of Product From “ETC Craft” You’re Just you Purchasing a License to

Multipurpose CertificatesFeatures• Fully Editable• CMYK Print Ready• Bleed 0.25• Paper Size Available Change• Quick and easy to customize templates• 4 Color Variations• Professional and clean structured files.Font Free (Included link)• http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/roboto• http://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/arizonia• https://fontsgeek.com/fonts/Engravers-Old-English-Normal• https://www.fontsquirrel.com/fonts/open-sansIf you have any questions, please contact me

The best template for a certificate where it will be a perfect match for all certificates. This file consist of easily editable folders that are layered in a perfect way for easy understanding and editing purposes, where you can replace them by adding your own Ideas, details, brand details, and many more, and also they are ready to print.Features

• AI, EPS, PDF, JPEG files are included
• 300 DPI CMYK
• Editable Text, Image & Color
• Read me help files are Included

Thanks for watching :)

This listing allows you to make all edits yourself! ALL Text Areas are editable. (We do not make the edits for you. This listing is for a digital download. Files become available to save onto your computer after purchase on your accounts purchases page. If you prefer we make the edits for you, no problem, but there is an additional fee. Send us a message for more info.)The MOST important step before making edits is to install the fonts included in the listing onto your computer. Please make sure to install the fonts onto your computer BEFORE you open any of the files to make edits. Otherwise, your computer will not recognize the fonts and will replace them, distorting the entire layout. Instructions below.Listing includes an Instant Download MS Word Doc file and Photoshop file that can be edited completely by you. Sized at 11" x 8.5". (All fonts link included. Make sure to install fonts on your computer before making edits.Please make sure you have MS Word or Photoshop installed on your computer before purchase. If you have any

The best template for a certificate where it will be a perfect match for all certificates. This file consist of easily editable folders that are layered in a perfect way for easy understanding and editing purposes, where you can replace them by adding your own Ideas, details, brand details, and many more, and also they are ready to print.Features

• AI, EPS, PDF, JPEG files are included
• 300 DPI CMYK
• Editable Text, Image & Color
• Read me help files are Included

Thanks for watching :)

The best template for a certificate where it will be a perfect match for all certificates. This file consist of easily editable folders that are layered in a perfect way for easy understanding and editing purposes, where you can replace them by adding your own Ideas, details, brand details, and many more, and also they are ready to print.Features

• AI, EPS, PDF, JPEG files are included
• 300 DPI CMYK
• Editable Text, Image & Color
• Read me help files are Included

Thanks for watching :)

Modern and Corporate Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job. Also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.FILE INFORMATION

• Size: 8.5x11 In
• Pages: 1 Page Certificate
• Resolution: 300 dpi
• Color mode: CMYK
• Bleed:0.25in
• Working file: Photoshop cs2 and MS Word
• Files included: Photoshop cc (psd) and MS Word (docx)
• Font used: Download link included in help file

Professional & marvelous Border Used.FILES & FEATURESLandscap & PortraitAi Templates DesignPSD Template DesignEps Template DesignLandscape Template Design01 Spot Color Used100% Print Ready FilesCMYK, 300-dpi with vector elementsGuides & Bleeds IncludedCompatible Adobe : CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, CCHelp File IncludeVector Resizable ElementsFree font Used

Modern and Corporate Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job. Also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.FILE INFORMATIONSize: A4Pages: 1 Page CertificateResolution: 300 dpiColor mode: CMYKBleed:0.25inWorking file: Photoshop cs2Files included: Photoshop cc (psd)Font used: Download link included in help fileCONTACT MEIf you have any questions, please contact me, I will be happy to help you! Please recommend my artwork and leave a good review if you like it.For further request please contact us.

Multipurpose modern Certificate Template with clean, modern design, suitable for event awards, employee of the month awards, awards of recognition, appreciation, achievements, completions of courses etc.Features:

• Fully Layered & editable
• (8.5 - 11 inches) + .25 Bleed Area
• 3 Vector EPS files
• CMYK Colors
• 300 DPI resolution
• Print Ready Format
• Free fonts used (Links are included in the file info)

Introducing Violet Geometric CertificateThis Certificate Set template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (1 .AI Artboards)- EPS Files (1 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note : Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.

Introducing Blue Framed Corporate CertificateThis Certificate Set template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (1 .AI Artboards)- EPS Files (1 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note : Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.

Introducing Blueish CertificateThis Certificate Set template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (1 .AI Artboards)- EPS Files (1 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note : Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.

Introducing Diagonal CertificateThis Certificate Set template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (1 .AI Artboards)- EPS Files (1 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note : Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.

Certificate Template Certificate Of CompletionCorporate & Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training ,degree or job.This is not a mock-up Information:

• Size: 11x8.5in
• Pages: One Page
• Resolution: 300 dpi
• Color mode: CMYK
• Bleed: 0.25 in
• Working file: Photoshop cs2 & Microsoft Word.
• Files included: Photoshop cc (psd), Microsoft Word(docx).
• Font used: Download link included in help file

CONTACT ME If you have any questions or would like a custom designed template, please contact me, I will be happy to help you! Please recommend my artwork and leave a good review if you like it. For further request please contact us.

Introducing Luxury Award CertificateThis Certificate template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper Size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (2 .AI)- EPS Files (2 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note: Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.

If a person receives a course or awards at your institution or institute, then the person expects that he should get a good certificate that he hangs for the show at his home or office. Give it a good quality certificate gift to him that is your responsibility. And the certificate looks like it when the design of the certificate is delicate and creative. I have used handmade borders (especially hand-drawn artistic borders) in my certificate which will make the certificate look more creative.Corporate Modern Certificate Template. Use this Certificate Template in your business, company or institution in completion of any course, training, degree or job also you can use this Multipurpose Certificate Template as award giving certificate, certificate of excellence, certificate of appreciation, certificate of achievement, certificate of recognition or related purpose.Flexible and Editable Certificate Design Professional Certificate Template is made in multiple software format. This Certificate Template is professionally organized and labelled so every beginner can edit it like a pro. You can change image, text, logo and color very quick and easy.Key Features

• 4 Handmade color variation
• Dark and

Introducing Yelred Corporate CertificateThis Certificate Set template has fully editable and customizable PSD and AI files. This Certificate template also has creative style, and it's suitable for your any purpose such as: businesses, corporate, agency and can be also used for any other publishing like marketing promotions and company profile.Highlights- Easy to use the files- A4 Paper size- CMYK Color- 300 DPI- Well Organized Layers- Print Ready files- Free Fonts used- Bleed IncludedIncludes Files- Adobe Photoshop Files (2 .PSD)- Adobe Illustrator Files (1 .AI Artboards)- EPS Files (1 .EPS)- Font Info File (.txt)- Help files (.txt)Note : Images of third-party authors, that were shown on mockups and mockups as well are not included and were shown here for preview purpose only.